Simons (1938–2024) was a mathematician first: codebreaker at the Institute for Defense Analyses, chair of the Stony Brook mathematics department from 1968 to 1978, and co-author of the 1974 Chern–Simons paper. He founded Monemetrics in 1978, renamed Renaissance Technologies in 1982, and launched the Medallion fund in 1988. He stepped down as chief executive in 2010 and as chair in 2021. He died in New York on May 10, 2024, aged 86.
He said his early trading profits were "pure luck", then found "some structure" in the data and built models that were tested on a computer. Medallion averaged 66.1% a year gross and 39.1% net from 1988 to 2018, and closed to outside investors in 1993. He warned that edges are small and fade: "you have to keep on top of the business." Renaissance never published its signals, so the bot only borrows his style.